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Microchip Technology MCP6 series Manual de usuario Pagina 12

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AN900
DS00900A-page 12 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.
FIGURE 9: CONCEPTUAL BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR CLOSED-LOOP SPEED AND
SLIP CONTROL
COMPARING MICROCONTROLLERS
FOR AC INDUCTION MOTOR
CONTROL APPLICATIONS
In developing ACIM applications, an important
consideration is often the total part count required to
implement the solution. For 3-phase control applica-
tions using the PIC18F452 and PIC16F7X7, this
means a bridge driver that is capable of generating the
complimentary outputs and inserting dead time.
In contrast, the PCPWM module of the PIC18F4431
can be configured to generate complimentary outputs
with configurable dead time, resulting in a simpler
bridge driver circuit. This can translate into a reduced
part count for the application.
The PIC18F4431 also offers the MFM to measure both
rotor speed and direction with little or no additional
support from external components. With previous
control solutions, external circuitry would be needed to
provide pulse conditioning and direction indication from
the encoder; an additional on-chip timer resource
would also be needed to convert this into velocity data.
The MFM can directly interface with a quadrature
encoder or other Hall sensors and calculate direction
and velocity with a minimum of additional hardware or
firmware overhead.
The capabilities of the three different microcontrollers
in 3-phase ACIM control are compared in Table 1. The
range of control strategies for the microcontrollers is
presented in Table 2.
TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF HARDWARE CAPABILITIES IN 3-PHASE ACIM CONTROL
TABLE 2: COMPARISON OF PICmicro CONTROLLERS AND ACIM CONTROL STRATEGIES
PWM
3-Phase
Inverter
Bridge
ACIM
6
Speed
Reference
Speed Feedback
Speed
Error
+
_
+
+
Torque Feedback
PI Controller
Slip
Controller
Application
Controller
Velocity
Calculation
V
f
Slip
Frequency
Motor
Frequency
∫
Optimize
Torque or
Efficiency
Microcontroller PWM Outputs Dead Time
Complimentary
Signal Generation
Velocity Feedback
PIC18F452
3 total: 2 CCP,
1 firmware generated
External hardware External hardware None
PIC16F7X7 3 (CCP) External hardware External hardware None
PIC18F4431 8 (PCPWM) Built into PCPWM Built into PCPWM QEI/IC
Control Method
Microcontroller Family
PIC18FXX31 PIC18FXX39 PIC16F7X7 PIC18FXX2
V/f Control Yes No
Yes, with external
dead-time provisions
Yes, with firmware PWM
and external dead-time
provisions
V/f Control with
Current Feedback
Yes, using hardware
Fault input and HSADC
No
Yes, with external
dead-time provisions
Yes, with firmware PWM
and external dead-time
provisions
V/f Control with
Velocity Feedback
Yes, using QEI or
input capture
No No No
Single-Phase
V/f Control
Yes Yes Yes Yes
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